asynchronous and synchronous

 define asynchronous and synchronous

Synchronous:

• Synchronous operations are executed in a sequential manner, one after the other. Each operation must wait for the previous one to complete before starting.

• In synchronous programming, if one operation takes a long time to complete (e.g., reading a file or making a network request), the entire program is blocked, and no other operations can proceed until it finishes.

• Synchronous operations are typically easier to understand and reason about because they follow a linear flow of execution

Example:

function synchronousOperation() {

  const result1 = operation1(); 

  const result2 = operation2(); 

  return result1 + result2;

}

.

Asynchronous:

• Asynchronous operations don't have to wait for each other to finish before proceeding. They can start and finish independently of each other.

• Asynchronous programming allows tasks to be executed concurrently, which can improve performance and responsiveness, especially in applications that involve I/O-bound operations (e.g., network requests, file I/O).

• Asynchronous operations are commonly used in scenarios where waiting for I/O operations would lead to inefficiencies or unresponsiveness, such as web servers handling multiple requests simultaneously.

Example: 

function asynchronousOperation() {

  return operation1() // Start operation1 asynchronously

    .then(result1 => operation2()) // Start operation2 asynchronously when operation1 is done

    .then(result2 => result1 + result2);}